Numeric Models¶
Provides an API to define epidemiological models.
-
class
epipack.numeric_epi_models.
ConstantBirthRate
(rate)[source]¶ Bases:
object
Will be used as a function of time
t
and statey
, returning a rate value.- Parameters
rate (float) -- Constant rate value
-
class
epipack.numeric_epi_models.
ConstantLinearRate
(rate, comp0)[source]¶ Bases:
object
Will be used as a function of time
t
and statey
, returning a rate value.
-
class
epipack.numeric_epi_models.
ConstantQuadraticRate
(rate, comp0, comp1)[source]¶ Bases:
object
Will be used as a function of time
t
and statey
, returning a rate value.- Parameters
-
class
epipack.numeric_epi_models.
DynamicBirthRate
(rate)[source]¶ Bases:
object
Will be used as a function of time
t
and statey
, returning a rate value.- Parameters
rate (function) -- Function of time
t
and statey
-
class
epipack.numeric_epi_models.
DynamicLinearRate
(rate, comp0)[source]¶ Bases:
object
Will be used as a function of time
t
and statey
, returning a rate value.- Parameters
rate (function) -- Function of time
t
and statey
comp0 (int) -- Index of the corresponding reacting component. The incidence of this component will be multiplied with the value of
rate
.
-
class
epipack.numeric_epi_models.
DynamicQuadraticRate
(rate, comp0, comp1)[source]¶ Bases:
object
Will be used as a function of time
t
and statey
, returning a rate value.- Parameters
rate (function) -- Function of time
t
and statey
comp0 (int) -- Index of one of the reacting components. The incidence of this component will be multiplied with the value of
rate
.comp1 (int) -- Index of the other reacting component. The incidence of this component will be multiplied with the value of
rate
.
-
class
epipack.numeric_epi_models.
EpiModel
(compartments, initial_population_size=1, correct_for_dynamical_population_size=False, integral_solver='solve_ivp')[source]¶ Bases:
epipack.integrators.IntegrationMixin
A general class to define a standard mean-field compartmental epidemiological model, based on reaction events.
- Parameters
compartments (
list
ofstring
) -- A list containing compartment strings.initial_population_size (float, default = 1.0) -- The population size at \(t = 0\).
correct_for_dynamical_population_size (bool, default = False) -- If
True
, the quadratic coupling terms will be divided by the population size.integral_solver (str, default = 'solve_ivp') -- Whether or not to use the initial-value solver
solve_ivp
. to determine a time leap for time-varying rates. If not'solve_ivp'
, a Newton-Raphson method will be used on the upper bound of a quad-integrator.
-
compartments
¶ A list containing strings or hashable types that describe each compartment, (e.g. "S", "I", etc.).
- Type
-
correct_for_dynamical_population_size
¶ If
True
, the quadratic coupling terms will be divided by the sum of all compartments, otherwise they will be divided by the initial population size.- Type
-
birth_rate_functions
¶ A list of functions that return rate values based on time
t
and state vectory
. Each entry corresponds to an event update inself.birth_event_updates
.- Type
list of ConstantBirthRate or DynamicBirthRate
-
birth_event_updates
¶ A list of vectors. Each entry corresponds to a rate in
birth_rate_functions
and quantifies the change in individual counts in the compartments.- Type
list of numpy.ndarray
-
linear_rate_functions
¶ A list of functions that return rate values based on time
t
and state vectory
. Each entry corresponds to an event update inself.linear_event_updates
.- Type
list of ConstantLinearRate or DynamicLinearRate
-
linear_event_updates
¶ A list of vectors. Each entry corresponds to a rate in
linear_rate_functions
and quantifies the change in individual counts in the compartments.- Type
list of numpy.ndarray
-
quadratic_rate_functions
¶ A list of functions that return rate values based on time
t
and state vectory
. Each entry corresponds to an event update inself.quadratic_event_updates
.- Type
list of ConstantQuadraticRate or DynamicQuadraticRate
-
quadratic_event_updates
¶ A list of vectors. Each entry corresponds to a rate in
quadratic_rate_functions
and quantifies the change in individual counts in the compartments.- Type
list of numpy.ndarray
-
y0
¶ The initial conditions.
- Type
numpy.ndarray
-
rates_have_explicit_time_dependence
¶ Internal switch that's flipped when a non-constant rate is passed to the model.
- Type
-
use_ivp_solver
¶ Whether or not to use the initial-value solver to determine a time leap for time-varying rates. If
False
, a Newton-Raphson method will be used on the upper bound of a quad-integrator.- Type
Example
>>> epi = EpiModel(["S","I","R"]) >>> print(epi.compartments) [ "S", "I", "R" ]
-
add_fission_processes
(process_list)[source]¶ Define linear fission processes between compartments.
- Parameters
process_list (
list
oftuple
) --A list of tuples that contains fission rates in the following format:
[ ("source_compartment", rate, "target_compartment_0", "target_compartment_1" ), ... ]
Example
For pure exponential growth of compartment B.
epi.add_fission_processes([ ("B", growth_event, "B", "B" ), ])
-
add_fusion_processes
(process_list)[source]¶ Define fusion processes between compartments.
- Parameters
process_list (
list
oftuple
) --A list of tuples that contains fission rates in the following format:
[ ("coupling_compartment_0", "coupling_compartment_1", rate, "target_compartment_0" ), ... ]
Example
Fusion of reactants "A", and "B" to form "C".
epi.add_fusion_processes([ ("A", "B", reaction_rate, "C" ), ])
-
add_linear_events
(event_list, allow_nonzero_column_sums=False)[source]¶ Add linear events without resetting the existing event terms. See
epipack.numeric_epi_models.EpiModel.set_linear_events()
for docstring.
-
add_quadratic_events
(event_list, allow_nonzero_column_sums=False)[source]¶ Add quadratic events without resetting the existing event terms. See
epipack.numeric_epi_models.EpiModel.set_quadratic_events()
for docstring.
-
add_transition_processes
(process_list)[source]¶ Define the linear transition processes between compartments.
- Parameters
process_list (
list
oftuple
) --A list of tuples that contains transitions events in the following format:
[ ( source_compartment, rate, target_compartment ), ... ]
Example
For an SEIR model.
epi.add_transition_processes([ ("E", symptomatic_rate, "I" ), ("I", recovery_rate, "R" ), ])
-
add_transmission_processes
(process_list)[source]¶ A wrapper to define quadratic process rates through transmission reaction equations. Note that in stochastic network/agent simulations, the transmission rate is equal to a rate per link. For the mean-field ODEs, the rates provided to this function will just be equal to the prefactor of the respective quadratic terms.
For instance, if you analyze an SIR system and simulate on a network of mean degree \(k_0\), a basic reproduction number \(R_0\), and a recovery rate \(\mu\), you would define the single link transmission process as
("I", "S", R_0/k_0 * mu, "I", "I")
For the mean-field system here, the corresponding reaction equation would read
("I", "S", R_0 * mu, "I", "I")
- Parameters
process_list (
list
oftuple
) --A list of tuples that contains transitions rates in the following format:
[ ("source_compartment", "target_compartment_initial", rate "source_compartment", "target_compartment_final", ), ... ]
Example
For an SEIR model.
epi.add_transmission_processes([ ("I", "S", +1, "I", "E" ), ])
-
dydt
(t, y)[source]¶ Compute the current momenta of the epidemiological model.
- Parameters
t (
float
) -- Current timey (numpy.ndarray) -- The entries correspond to the compartment frequencies (or counts, depending on population size).
-
get_compartment_changes
(rates)[source]¶ Sample a state change vector with probability proportional to its rate in
rates
.Needed for stochastic simulations.
- Parameters
rates (numpy.ndarray) -- A non-zero list of rates. Expects
rates
to be sorted according toself.birth_event_updates + self.linear_event_updates + self.quadratic_event_updates
.- Returns
dy -- A state change vector.
- Return type
numpy.ndarray
-
get_event_rates
(t, y)[source]¶ Get a list of rate values corresponding to the previously set events.
-
get_numerical_dydt
()[source]¶ Return a function that obtains
t
andy
as an input and returnsdydt
of this system
-
get_numerical_event_and_rate_functions
()[source]¶ This function is needed to generalize stochastic simulations for child classes.
- Returns
get_event_rates (func) -- A function that takes the current time
t
and state vectory
and returns numerical event rate lists.get_compartment_changes (funx) -- A function that takes a numerical list of event
rates
and returns a random event state change vector with probability proportional to its entry inrates
.
-
get_time_leap_and_proposed_compartment_changes
(t, current_event_rates=None, get_event_rates=None, get_compartment_changes=None)[source]¶ For the current event rates, obtain a proposed time leap and concurrent state change vector.
This method is needed for stochastic simulations.
- Parameters
t (float) -- current time
current_event_rates (list, default = None) -- A list of constant rate values. Will be ignored if
self.rates_have_explicit_time_dependence
isTrue
, which is whyNone
is a valid value.get_event_rates (function, default = None) -- A function that takes time
t
and current statey
as input and computes the rates of all possible events. IfNone
, will attempt to set this to self.get_event_rates().get_compartment_changes (function, default = None) -- A function that takes computed event rates and returns a random state change with probability proportional to its rate. If
None
, will attempt to set this to self.get_compartment_changes().
- Returns
tau (float) -- A time leap.
dy (numpy.ndarray) -- A state change vector.
-
set_linear_events
(event_list, allow_nonzero_column_sums=False, reset_events=True)[source]¶ Define the linear transition events between compartments.
- Parameters
A list of tuples that contains transition events in the following format:
[ ( ("affected_compartment_0",), rate, [ ("affected_compartment_0", dN0), ("affected_compartment_1", dN1), ... ], ), ... ]
allow_nonzero_column_sums (
bool
, default : False) -- Traditionally, epidemiological models preserve the total population size. If that's not the case, switch off testing for this.reset_events (bool, default : True) -- Whether to reset all linear events to zero before converting those.
Example
For an SEIR model with infectious period
tau
and incubation periodtheta
.epi.set_linear_events([ ( ("E",), 1/theta, [ ("E", -1), ("I", +1) ] ), ( ("I",), 1/tau, [ ("I", -1), ("R", +1) ] ), ])
Read as "compartment E reacts with rate \(1/\theta\) which leads to the decay of one E particle to one I particle."
-
set_processes
(process_list, allow_nonzero_column_sums=False, reset_events=True, ignore_rate_position_checks=False)[source]¶ Converts a list of reaction process tuples to event tuples and sets the rates for this model.
- Parameters
process_list (
list
oftuple
) --A list containing reaction processes in terms of tuples.
[ # transition process ( source_compartment, rate, target_compartment), # transmission process ( coupling_compartment_0, coupling_compartment_1, rate, target_compartment_0, target_ccompartment_1), # fission process ( source_compartment, rate, target_compartment_0, target_ccompartment_1), # fusion process ( source_compartment_0, source_compartment_1, rate, target_compartment), # death process ( source_compartment, rate, None), # birth process ( None, rate, target_compartment), ]
allow_nonzero_column_sums (bool, default : False) -- Traditionally, epidemiological models preserve the total population size. If that's not the case, switch off testing for this.
reset_events (bool, default : True) -- If this is True, reset all events to zero before setting the new ones.
ignore_rate_position_checks (bool, default = False) -- This function usually checks whether the rate of a reaction is positioned correctly. You can turn this behavior off for transition, birth, death, and transmission processes. (Useful if you want to define symbolic transmission processes that are compartment-dependent).
-
set_quadratic_events
(event_list, allow_nonzero_column_sums=False, reset_events=True)[source]¶ Define quadratic transition events between compartments.
- Parameters
A list of tuples that contains transmission events in the following format:
[ ( ("coupling_compartment_0", "coupling_compartment_1"), rate, [ ("affected_compartment_0", dN0), ("affected_compartment_1", dN1), ... ], ), ... ]
allow_nonzero_column_sums (
bool
, default : False) -- Traditionally, epidemiological models preserve the total population size. If that's not the case, switch off testing for this.reset_events (bool, default : True) -- Whether to reset all linear events to zero before converting those.
Example
For an SEIR model with infection rate
eta
.epi.set_quadratic_events([ ( ("S", "I"), eta, [ ("S", -1), ("E", +1) ] ), ])
Read as
"Coupling of S and I leads to the decay of one S particle to one E particle with rate \(\eta\).".
-
simulate
(tmax, return_compartments=None, sampling_dt=None, sampling_callback=None, adopt_final_state=False)[source]¶ Returns values of the given compartments at the demanded time points (as a numpy.ndarray of shape
(return_compartments), len(time_points)
.If
return_compartments
is None, all compartments will be returned.- Parameters
tmax (float) -- maximum length of the simulation
return_compartments (list of compartments, default = None:) -- The compartments for which to return time series. If
None
, all compartments will be returned.sampling_dt (float, default = None) -- Temporal distance between samples of the compartment counts. If
None
, every change will be returned.sampling_callback (funtion, default = None) -- A function that's called when a sample is taken
- Returns
t (numpy.ndarray) -- times at which compartment counts have been sampled
result (dict) -- Dictionary mapping a compartment to a time series of its count.
-
class
epipack.numeric_epi_models.
SEIRModel
(infection_rate, recovery_rate, symptomatic_rate, initial_population_size=1.0)[source]¶ Bases:
epipack.numeric_epi_models.EpiModel
An SEIR model derived from
epipack.numeric_epi_models.EpiModel
.
-
class
epipack.numeric_epi_models.
SIModel
(infection_rate, initial_population_size=1.0)[source]¶ Bases:
epipack.numeric_epi_models.EpiModel
An SI model derived from
epipack.numeric_epi_models.EpiModel
.
-
class
epipack.numeric_epi_models.
SIRModel
(infection_rate, recovery_rate, initial_population_size=1.0)[source]¶ Bases:
epipack.numeric_epi_models.EpiModel
An SIR model derived from
epipack.numeric_epi_models.EpiModel
.
-
class
epipack.numeric_epi_models.
SIRSModel
(infection_rate, recovery_rate, waning_immunity_rate, initial_population_size=1.0)[source]¶ Bases:
epipack.numeric_epi_models.EpiModel
An SIRS model derived from
epipack.numeric_epi_models.EpiModel
.
-
class
epipack.numeric_epi_models.
SISModel
(infection_rate, recovery_rate, initial_population_size=1.0)[source]¶ Bases:
epipack.numeric_epi_models.EpiModel
An SIS model derived from
epipack.numeric_epi_models.EpiModel
.